free carrier การใช้

• EDSR is allowed both with free carriers and with electrons bound at defects.
• Rather, the mechanisms responsible for the Therma-Probe signal are thermo-modulation and the Drude free carrier effect.
• Free carriers in doped semiconductors or optically excited semiconductors lead to a considerable absorption of THz photons.
• This degree of containment would be virtually impossible if symptom-free carriers posed a significant threat of infection,
• Scattering happens because after trapping a charge, the defect becomes charged and therefore starts interacting with free carriers.
• Charge trapping centers that scatter free carriers form in many cases due to defects associated with dangling bonds.
• However, the waveguide must be designed carefully to avoid excessive free carrier absorption loss in the heavily-doped layers.
• EDSR was first observed experimentally with free carriers in Indium antimonide ( InSb ), a semiconductor with strong spin-orbit coupling.
• In these cases they refer to the number of dimensions in which a confined particle can act as a free carrier.
• MP capacitors serve for cost applications and as field-free carrier electrodes ( soggy foil capacitors ) for high AC or high current pulse loads.
• Multiple studies have shown that intermixing takes place at the interface; however, it is not clear whether there is enough intermixing to provide all of the free carriers.
• The absorption coefficient of the material in the modulator can be manipulated by the Franz-Keldysh effect, the Quantum-confined Stark effect, excitonic absorption, changes of Fermi level, or changes of free carrier concentration.
• "Free carrier concentration " is the concentration of free carriers in a holes ) which have been introduced directly into the conduction band ( or valence band ) by doping and are not promoted thermally.
• "Free carrier concentration " is the concentration of free carriers in a holes ) which have been introduced directly into the conduction band ( or valence band ) by doping and are not promoted thermally.
• Both companies have embraced February's " open skies " agreement between Canada and U . S ., which frees carriers on both sides of the border to fly between any pair of U . S . and Canadian cities, anytime.
• When photons are present in the material, they can either be absorbed, generating a pair of free carriers, or they can " stimulate " a recombination event, resulting in a generated photon with similar properties to the one responsible for the event.
• It is also opaque in the near infrared ( NIR ) and infrared ( IR ), because of free carrier absorption ( an infrared photon can excite an electron from near the bottom of the conduction band to higher within the conduction band ).
• Usually this energy ( sometimes called the defect energy level ) together with the plot intercept value are defect parameters used for its identification or analysis . On samples with low free carrier density conductance transients have also been used for a DLTS analysis.
• Nonetheless, such a motion would give Tilton a tool that no airline chief executive has had since Frank Lorenzo used the bankruptcy code to shut down Continental in 1983 and reopen it as a union-free carrier . ( Afterward, the law was changed to make such a move more difficult .)